Laboratory exercises are intended to provide a deep understanding of plant biiology as well as to make students aware of plants as a fascinating group of organisms equally significant as animals in the ecosystem. For this reason, laboratory exercises will be supplemented with field trips to the botanical gardens, projects in which students attempt to grow houseplants, vegetables, plants for study, and make their own cuttings and grafts. Students will also have the opprtunity to observe useful and poisonous plants, fungi, and algae, for example some that are medicinal, wild but edible, or used as dyes or spices. Weekly homework exercises and one or two lectures per week will familiarize students with the biological principles, followed by laboratory classes devoted to hands-on exercises done by students independently or in groups.